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It is regarded that elections are the litmus test for a true democratic political system, since in democracies, the government derives its legitimacy from the people, and going by this democracy means nothing if the people's will are bought or manoeuvred by inducement. It is an undeniable fact that elections in the country amongst other factors determine on who gets what, when and how, as the political office seekers in the process tend to adopt techniques and strategies to gain the heart of voters. Using primary and secondary data, the paper was anchored on the social exchange theory to examine the nature and the extent of inducement strategies on the outcome of the Osun West senatorial bye election. The study reveals that the nature of inducement took the form of vote-buying and the sharing of other material incentives which influenced the outcome of the bye-election.

The JOSHA Team is very pleased to share with you information about our second Demetrios Prize 2019. For the categories BACHELOR, MASTER and DOCTORAL thesis the International Academy of Science, Humanities and Arts (IASHA e.V.) supported by the Biothera Foundation had selected 3 theses in each category and award a prize of € 500 each. Our editors have selected the winners and their manuscripts will be published in the Journal of Science, Humanities, and Arts - JOSHA, with a unique DOI for each paper. CONGRATULATIONS!!

While cancer is a complex disease with a multitude of clinical presentations, a few principles can be discerned. Cancer is old; it existed already in the earliest multicellular organisms. Cancer is natural; the older you get, you get cancer. Cancer can be considered as a “metaphor of life”; mutations are the backbone of cancer but also a prerequisite for the evolution of species (life). Still, many questions remain open: What is cancer, why does it exist and why can we not fight it successfully? Here, we propose entropy as the continuous-time stochastic principle (carcinogen) that forces to create the “parts” (mutations) and dictates them to reconstitute the “whole” (cancer). Artificial intelligence can help us to capture this “big picture” of cancer and to develop cancer therapies towards decreasing, instead of increasing, cellular entropy. Ageing process is probably orchestrated from the same entropy principle.

This paper interrogates the historical role of the civil society in Nigeria’s political trajectory spanning through two fundamental epochs—military and democratic. Drawing inferences from a number of historical and comparative approaches, it argues that there is a seeming lull in civil society activism in Nigeria, since its return to democratic rule in 1999. This complacency, the paper argues, appears inextricably linked to Nigeria’s prevailing social, political and economic environment, in contrast to what obtained under military rule. The paper concludes with suggestions on how the civil society can contribute meaningfully to the country’s attempt towards democratic consolidation.

With this editorial, we would like to celebrate with you that we have reached 500k views in our journal. Without your informative contribution and your interest in sharing knowledge with the world, Josha would have not achieved so much exile in such a short time. From our offices, we thank you and promise to continue to work to connect more authors around the world and continue to share important knowledge, because the knowledge that is not communicated is wasted knowledge. Thank you very much!

From March 23 to 27 2019 the 45th Annual Meeting of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation 2019 was held in Frankfurt, Germany. Along with the common topics of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloHSCT) such as improvements in conditioning regimens, treatment of graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) and reducing the risk of malignant relapse, a particular emphasis of the meeting was put on the rapidly expanding field of chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR T cells). The following article poses a personal selection of recent developments covered at the meeting.

Democracy is under attack, as are human rights outside and inside the academy, and scholars are at risk. The keynote proposes ethics that calls on universities to truly welcome these scholars, with more than a benevolent gesture. Instead, the university must be the space for a truly cosmopolitan “education” via exchange among equals – which adds Alexander and Caroline to Wilhelm von Humboldt. This allows an “enlightened and active mind … to wander freely and widely”, as “one of the joys and rewards of human existence” – which is the version of the United Nations Committee on such human rights. This commitment to safeguard education and academic freedom justifies university autonomy; the way a university deals with scholars at risk is a litmus test of its practice, and its ability to contribute to democracy at all. Previously published in "Ordnung der Wissenschaft".

This book is originally and especially dedicated to the students of Architecture Department at the University of Prishtina for Educational, and Not-for-profit purposes. The monograph incorporates contemporary knowledge of the Multimedia Studios - Architectural Design Principles, followed by research data, discussion, extracts, quotes and citations by various authors, as well as official government publications as the academic comparative references. Seeing the lack of literature in the field of Architecture, especially in the University of the Prishtina “Hasan Prishtina”, I was inspired by the research and writing this monograph, which elaborates the MultiMedia - Architectural Design Principles. The book is a free and not-for-profit purpose, it is intended as basic literature of Master courses which I taught at the University of Prishtina.

This year 2019 was wonderful as far as the purpose of our magazine is concerned. We were working together making visits to Schmelzeisen in Freiburg, Germany and preparing some changes in the Website. As you may have seen, now our readers are able to see the statistics with the exact number of views and downloads of every article. In the same way, we have added the option to filter all the articles according to the language you need just by clicking on the flags.

The topic of driving a car has typically focused on a person driving. The driver of a vehicle was and – to a large extent still is – required to possess the power to control all of the car’s functions. Recent technological and legal developments in the field of autonomous driving, however, demonstrate that the driver-centered principle in road traffic is beginning to lose relevance and in the future may become the exception or eventually disappear entirely. About the author: Dr. Hannah Dittmers studied law in Freiburg, Germany and Fribourg, Switzerland with a focus on private international law and European law. She obtained her LL.M. from the University of Michigan Law School in 2017 and her Ph.D. (Dr. jur.) from the University of Freiburg in 2019. She is currently a legal trainee (Rechtsreferendarin) at the Regional Court Freiburg.