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Dear josha-journal readers, The year is ending, and josha-journal presents itself with a bulging basket of top-class contributions. First, we would like to point out another winner of a Demetrios award. Nadine Bleile won the prize in the Master category with her paper “Turning Point Motherhood”. It deals with the socially relevant question of how women can combine work and family. Also receiving a Demetrios award was Elena Greta Falcini for her work on art and artificial intelligence. Our focus on medicine is strongly represented this time by neuroscientist Pernille Bülow's contributions on psychological topics and especially on cancer research with contributions from Sina Reis, Michelle P. Peñaherrera and Carlos A. López. A topic on which there can never be enough research. We wish all our readers a good read. Stay tuned to us.

Newsletter - 09/2022 Collaborative Research Institute Intelligent Oncology (CRIION)

A preliminary survey was conducted to determine the conservation importance of Gomti lake situated in Dakor town (Kheda district), Central Gujarat. The lake happens to be one of the last strongholds of an endangered freshwater turtle species– Indian soft-shell turtle (Nilssonia gangetica), and the resident population is now severely threatened due to a complete loss of nesting habitat.

Roadkill appears to be unavoidable wherever wildlife habitat and roadways intersect. The effects of wildlife roadkill on native animal populations can be significant, and understanding the causes and patterns of roadkill is required for effective management intervention. Monitoring wildlife roadkill can provide much broader ecological knowledge, such as species distributions, population dynamics, and behaviour, as well as informing us about the health of the species and the environment.

This article is the second of a two-part series on adolescent brain development and function. While the first article discussed the neuroscience of how the adolescent brain changes as it matures, this article will focus on how the environment can interfere with the adolescent brain and make them more likely to develop mental health disorders. Two major environmental influences are discussed in depth: substance abuse (cigarette smoking, marijuana use and alcohol) and chronic stress (bullying and caregiver maltreatment, e.g. sexual/physical abuse, emotional/psychological abuse, neglect). The results of the studies are discussed in the context of individual differences and long-term consequences on mental and physical health. The main takeaway is that the adolescent brain is particularly susceptible to environmental influences with long-term effects for mental health, and it emphasizes the importance of providing proper emotional support for this age group.

Human-Snake conflict (HSC) is a complex and pervasive problem that occurs wherever snakes and people share the same habitat. Lack of information, ignorance by the masses and absence of snakebite prevention measures results in around 2100 annual deaths in Gujarat while the national mortality figure is as high as 58,000. While the need to improve the quality of anti-venom serum and post bite clinical management is high priority, prevention of bites can play a vital role in bringing down the mortality rates. Snakes and people often need to be rescued from certain situations especially when the former comes near people’s houses and backyards, especially in rural areas. Since snake capture is a specialised activity and is often potentially dangerous in case of venomous snakes, it requires systematic training and experience. Proper knowledge to administer the right first aid can very well save a limb and even a life.

Importance of user-research for developing human centred solutions. In this article, Anmol talks about the role user research played in ensuring that their team’s solution for rural healthcare was ‘humans-first’ and not ‘technology-first’.

Around 20% of adolescent suffer from a mental illness, and suicide is the third leading cause of death among this age group. An interesting but disturbing fact is mental illness onset surge in adolescents. This article dives into the neuroscience of why and how the adolescent brain is more vulnerable to mental health challenges. The article discusses the two major sensitive periods of brain development: infancy and adolescence, of which the latter will be discussed in the context of sex hormones, neurotransmitters, anatomical maturation, and error signals generated by the brain. The major take-away is that the adolescent brain is in a period of construction that makes it more challenging to make the right decisions in the right situations. It is emphasized how the adolescent brain does not choose to act irrationally or succumb to peer pressure. Rather, the adolescent brain is in a transition phase that requires time and support to mature.

Nobel Prize winner Dr. Joachim Frank shares another impressive speech with JOSHA. His speech concluded the international symposium on the occasion of his 82nd birthday, which took place on September 4th, 2022 in the Vagelos Education Center of Columbia University. Among the topics he covered were his first exposure to molecular biology, the accidental discovery that led him into the direction of his research, and advice to young scientists about the importance of “peripheral vision” for success in their careers.

The Inaugural Symposium “Intelligent Oncology - The Potential of AI to Cure Cancer" took place in Freiburg, Germany on September 30, 2022. The theme of the symposium was AI-assisted cancer research, and the aim was to present the state-of-the-art of cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment with data-driven methods, to identify high-impact research directions. The meeting brought together leaders from industry and academia to exchange and share their experiences, present research results, explore collaborations and to spark new ideas, with the aim of developing new projects.